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• MOGI ORIGINS WEBSITE SERIES

It is difficult to directly observe the processes at depth that cause the observed deformation at the Earth's surface. Conversely, thermoelastic deformation caused by a cooling volcanic body can be innocuous. For example, deformation caused by restless magma can be a harbinger for an impending eruption. In terms of predicting eruption activity, some of these deformation sources may be cause for concern, while others may not. A variety of source mechanisms have been proposed to account for the observed deformation of volcanoes, such as magma intrusion, slip along faults, pore pressure variations in transient hydrothermal systems, thermoelastic heating or cooling of bodies near the surface and at depth, and poroelastic and viscoelastic relaxation due to surface loading.

Analyses of InSAR data illuminated the interior processes for several Aleutian volcanoes that were either poorly instrumented or entirely uninstrumented owing to their remote locations. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data revolutionized our view of active volcano deformation by providing the means to monitor the deformation of known active volcanoes, as well as prospect for deformation signals of awakening dormant volcanoes from a remote sensing platform. Understanding the behavior of restless volcanoes depends on both the availability and interpretation of physical measurements. For deformation data having high signal-to-noise ratios, such as the co-eruption InSAR data for Okmok volcano, both forward and inverse deformation prediction errors attributed to the Mogi (1958) assumptions can greatly exceed observation uncertainties. Results are particularly sensitive to a model configuration simulating a weak caldera, for which the estimated SES depth (4500 m) is significantly deeper than the estimate for the HIPSHS model. Inverse methods, combined with analytical and FEM-generated impulse response functions, isolate the influence of each HIPSHS assumption on SES depth and pressure estimations. Forward modeling predictions are relatively insensitive to topographic effects and layered elastic properties, somewhat sensitive to anisotropic elastic properties and Poisson's ratio, and very sensitive to the presence of weak materials within a caldera.

MOGI ORIGINS WEBSITE SERIES

A series of alternative model configurations relax the combined suite of HIPSHS assumptions and sequentially isolate the effects of each assumption. Inverse methods, which use an HIPSHS model, precisely locate an SES at a depth of 3100 m beneath the center of the caldera.

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data suggest that Okmok volcano, Alaska, subsided more than a meter owing to lava extrusion during its 1997 eruption. This study computes surface displacement due to SESs at depth using a combination of analytical and finite element models (FEMs), for which the HIPSHS assumptions are not required. The model simulates a small spherical expansion source (SES) embedded in a homogeneous, isotropic, Poisson-solid half-space (HIPSHS). If this picture is your intelectual property (copyright infringement) or child pornography / immature images, please send report or email to to us.Mogi's (1958) magma intrusion model is widely used to predict observed deformation of active volcanoes. Mogi Origins Beta From Eng is a popular picture for sexy and hot.

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